Taxes, People, Plains, Part I : Why Be Concerned?

This leaflet on public spending and taxation is designed to help people living in the Great Plains make the kind of public finance decisions that will enable them to achieve their goals. Regional characteristics affecting public spending and tax policy such as mining, industry, commerce, population, the tax system, and personal income trends are discussed, as well as government function in public finance

Post-Davis Conduit Bonds: At the Intersection of the Dormant Commerce Clause and Municipal Debt

This Note addresses the constitutionality of the selective taxation of conduit bonds, a subset of municipal bonds that finance private enterprise, in the aftermath of the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision in Department of Revenue v. Davis. In Davis, the Court determined that states could tax interest earned on out-of-state municipal bonds while exempting interest earned on its own bonds without violating the Commerce Clause of the Constitution. When issuing this ruling, the Court drew a distinction between municipal bonds issued on behalf of the government and municipal bonds issued on behalf of private industry. The question of whether or not selective taxation was constitutional as applied to municipal bonds issued on behalf of private industry was explicitly left for another day. This Note begins with a discussion of municipal bonds and the dormant Commerce Clause. Next, this Note reviews the arguments for and against subjecting conduit bonds to the selective tax system. Finally, this Note recommends the adoption of a sui generis assessment to identify bonds whose central purpose is economic protectionism so that they may be excluded from the selective tax system

Pengembangan Model Konseptual Niat Pembayaran Pajak Pelaku E-Commerce

Ecommerce transactions are one of the complex and growing types of transactions in Indonesia. Ecommerce trade is currently experiencing very rapid progress which is marked by a growing improvement in current technological advances, especially in the field of e-commerce. The largest state revenue can be seen from the 2019 State Revenue and Expenditure Budget of state revenues of 1,786.4 trillion rupiahs from taxes. The Ministry of Finance enforces the Minister of Finance Regulation Number 210/PMK.010/2018 concerning Tax Treatment of Trading Transactions Through Electronic Systems. In response to this, there is the potential for an exodus of e-commerce players to switch to using social media as a place for online buying and selling transactions. The payment intention factor for e-commerce transactions is based on three aspects, namely, knowledge and understanding of taxation. Internal influences in the form of taxpayer awareness, ethics, the use of information technology which is influenced by the external readiness of information technology, as well as the influence of the taxpayer's environment. This study aims to propose a conceptual model to identify the factors that influence the tax payment intention of e-commerce actors. This research is expected to provide suggestions to the Directorate General of Taxes regarding e-commerce taxpayers

E-Commerce: Recent Developments in State Taxation of Online Sales

Over the last four decades, the aggregate sales tax base across all states has contracted, creating financial issues for states that rely heavily on sales taxes. This has prompted greater interest among states in taxation of remote online sales as a potential source of revenue, as e-commerce transactions and total sales continue growing at a rapid pace. Public finance fellow Joyce Beebe discusses state and federal legislation aimed at granting states greater authority to collect sales taxes on remote online sales, as well as obstacles to those efforts

Transfer Pricing and Tax Havens: Mending the LDC Revenue Net

The paper deals primarily with the use of transfer pricing and tax havens by multinational businesses to defer, avoid, or (depending on whether one views manipulation of transfer prices as involving avoidance or evasion) evade taxes levied by the country of residence. Thus it pays relatively little attention to the use of tax havens by wealthy individuals to evade taxes in their countries of residence. Nor does it consider preferential tax treatment for selected non-financial sectors, perhaps limited to foreign investors, in order to attract real (non-financial) activities. Such countries are not ordinarily called tax havens, and these policies are best covered by a paper on tax incentives. Finally, it does not consider headquarters havens, except in passing, in the brief discussion of corporate inversions.Working Paper Number 04-45

Translation of Economic Literature and Political Terms with Chinese Characteristics: A Brief Literature Review

Economic texts are usually the required translation materials for MTI students in finance and economics universities. The topic includes taxation, accounting, economy, finance, commerce, international trade and etc., which are highly professional, full of abundant terms, and characterized with China’s socialist market economy. The theoretical perspectives of these translation studies range from functional equivalence theory, text typology to skopos theory. After collecting academic journals and graduation theses of scholars from domestic colleges and universities, the author of this paper concludes relevant research literature into the translation of economic literature and translation of political terms, and summarizes the research status of domestic scholars, especially MTI students, on the mastery and application of translation theories, so as to provide some references for further studies in this field

Saved by \u3ci\u3eLabell\u3c/i\u3e: Local Taxation of Video Streaming Services

Over the last few years, Netflix and other video streaming services have erupted to become a preeminent form of entertainment for millennials and the public at large. With traditional forms of entertainment waning, video streaming services represent a novel source of revenue for cities. Local governments currently have numerous tax approaches that may be used to cover these services. Different cities and states have taken distinctive approaches to taxing these services. Certain jurisdictions tax them in line with traditional pay-TV providers under utility taxes, while other jurisdictions tax them under sales or amusement taxes. This Note considers these different approaches, with a focus on Labell v. City of Chicago, a 2018 case upholding Chicago’s application of its amusement tax to Netflix and other video streaming services. Recognizing the various constraints that state and federal laws place on local taxation, this Note outlines the benefits and drawbacks of different approaches and highlights the challenges that cities should consider when issuing interpretive rulings to bring video streaming services into their tax bases. This Note suggests that other cities should draw on Labell and follow Chicago’s lead in taxing these services under existing amusement tax laws where possible, given the easier procedural hurdles, strong theoretical backing, and recent supporting precedent from the U.S. Supreme Court

International Tax Reform: Hearing Before the S. Comm. on Fin., 115th Cong., Oct. 3, 2017 (Statement of Itai Grinberg)

Lowering the corporate income tax rate and moving to a territorial system are important to maintain U.S. prosperity and improve growth prospects for our economy. The U.S. cannot stand apart from corporate tax competition in a globalized economy. To ensure that corporate income tax reform maximizes opportunity for well-paid employment for as many of our children and grandchildren as possible, the United States must also level the playing field between U.S. and foreign-headquartered MNCs. Leveling the playing field requires addressing the relative tax advantages available to foreign-owned U.S. corporations that represent one of the most senseless aspects of our current corporate tax code

The Rise and Fall of Post—World War II Corporate Tax Reform

The United States is unique in subjecting corporate income to two layers of tax. In what is called a classical system, corporate income is taxed once at the entity level when earned and a second time at the individual level when distributed to shareholders in the form of a dividend. By contrast, in most other countries, corporate- and shareholder-level taxes are fully or partially integrated through some form of credit or deduction. America\u27s double taxation of corporate income is a much-criticized but persistent feature of its current tax system despite numerous reform proposals over the last half-century or so. Here, Bank discusses why dividend-tax relief was so long in coming, given the initial momentum for reform and determines what led dividend-tax reform to rise to the top of the agenda in 1954